Lesson 121

Romans Chapter Nine

The Faithfulness of God to Israel

 

Review of context:

Paul points out here the choice of Jacob over Esau for the promised lineage of the nation.

 

Esau as an individual never served Jacob;

 

However, the subjugation of the Edomites to the Israelites began under David, was complete under Solomon, and continued on and off until the Babylonian captivity.  (2 Sam 8:14)

 

From the context of the quotes it is obvious that Jacob and Esau are euphemisms for the nations in the brief portion which Paul quoted?

 

 

Certainly the Apostle Paul did not intend to wrench these sentences out of their prophetic contexts to make them teach a doctrine of unconditional individual election.

 

 

- The point of the context is that the basis of the choice by God is made clear not once but twice that it did not rest in the one chosen.  (9:11)             

 

 

- God has the right to choose, not only because He is Sovereign but also because He is OmSc and therefore has the wisdom to make only right choices.

 

 

Rem: God blesses directly, but very seldom, what He does do is bless mediately;  through an agent, or agency.

 

- God blesses all of mankind [potential] through His choice of Israel  -> Messiah -> Salvation

 

Overview

1. National election and blessing is in view not  individual election or salvation.

 

2. God’s choice was determined through whom the promise-blessing would come.

 

3. God chose to bless non-meritorious faith-response to the promise blessing of which Jacob and the nation that came from him represents.

 

4. God chose to hate rejection of the promise-blessing of which Esau and the nation that came from him represents.

- Know that Esau had every opportunity to believe as Jacob did!

 

 

9:14-18  God's righteousness in dealing with Israel

 

What shall we say then?"   What's your conclusion? 

- Paul once again senses a question running through the thinking of his hearers in Rome, especially the Jewish ones.

 

"There is no injustice with God, is there?" 

 

 

 - The point being made here by Paul is that God made the choices, Isaac, Jacob and later the tribe of Judah to establish the Nation of Israel and the special line for the promised Messiah.

 

- But what's the implication if God did choose based on whether they did good or bad?  then God would be choosing based on human performance!

 

- The issue here is not justice but once again God's sovereign decision.

- In 9:15-18 Paul gives 2 illustrations as explanation that God is not unjust or arbitrary; to answer the objection raised.

 

- In 9:15-16 we find Moses, leader of God's people;  God is glorified by His dealing with one who honored Him.

 

- In 9:17-18 God uses the Pharaoh of Egypt, leader of the oppressors of God's people.  God is honored even by those who reject/oppose Him!

 

- What's the implication??

 

 

No one then ever deserves or can earn His mercy!

 

- In 9:15-16 we find Moses, leader of God's people

Begins with a quote from Ex. 33:19,

 

Historical setting:

It had not been long since the law had be given to Moses on the tablets of stone, and Moses had come down off the mountain and found the people had apostatized against the Lord, they were in open rebellion by making a golden calf, Ex. 32, which they said was to represent the god who brought them out of the land of Egypt. 32:1-5

 

 

Moses went to intercede with God for the remainder of the people you see the same kind of impassioned, agonizing cry that we saw with Paul in 9:1-3.  [Ex. 32:30-32]

 

It is in the Lord's response to Moses' 3 requests that we get the statement quoted by Paul in 9:15.

 

#1 What are you going to do with your people?  33.12-13

 

#2 Will you personally go with us?  33.14-15

 

In 33:16-17 he makes the point that if God goes with them they will be a distinguished people.

 

#3 Will you show me your glory?  33:18

 

What is man's response [in general] to the display of God's Glory??

1. Man corrupts the splendor of God's being by expressing his own assertiveness.

 

2. Man shuts out God's strong presence with his own supposed self-sufficiency.

 

3. And perhaps the worst of all, man pollutes God's grace with his own works.

 

 

33:19  God's response to Moses' requests

- "gracious"  !nh  basic idea is to bend or stoop down; the picture is that of a superior, here God, stooping down to help an inferior person, Moses

 

- "compassion"  ~,xr  usually is used of a superior for an inferior;

 

- speaks of action taken motivated by love;

 

The words used in the LXX to translate gracious and compassion are the same ones found in Rom. 9:15 carrying the same ideas.

 

He is telling Moses that He makes the choice whether to be gracious or to show compassion.

 

 

- Throughout the 40 years of the journey in the wilderness Moses would see many, many times the mercy and compassion of God exercised towards them when they rightly deserved His wrath.

 

  No one can ever deserve or earn His mercy or compassion.

 

B.L. The passage in Exodus has nothing to do with individual, unconditional election to salvation, and therefore, neither could the passage in Romans.